TMJ treatments

The temporomandibular joint (abbreviated TMJ) is a structure that connects the mandible (lower jaw) to the skull, allowing for the closing and opening of the mouth, lateral and propulsive movements of the mandible. The joint is made up of the articular tubercle of the temporal bone, the condylar process of the mandible covered by cartilage, meniscus / articular disc and numerous ligaments, nerves and blood vessels.

Why do TMJ disorders occur?

This joint contributes to the processes of chewing, speaking, swallowing and yawning. Because it is under almost constant stress, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can develop multiple disorders. TMJ dysfunction is the general term used to describe a number of factors that can cause many problems at this level.

What are the most common symptoms of TMJ dysfunction?

• Noises, clicks, "pops" in the joint when opening or closing the mouth.
• Episodes of locking of the joint in the movement of closing or opening the mouth.
• Limiting mobility in opening or closing the mouth.
• Tension or painful sensation in the muscles of the face and jaws.
• Headaches, ears, eyes, neck or shoulders.
• Difficulty or pain during chewing.
• Tinnitus.
• Stuffy ear sensation.

What causes TMJ dysfunction?

TMJ dysfunction can be triggered by a combination of factors, the most common of which are:

• Incorrect occlusion (bite).
• Chewing food mainly on one side.
• Bruxism - involuntary "grinding" of the teeth.
• 'Clenching' your teeth.
• Excessive long-term use of chewing gum.
• Diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
• Facial trauma.
• Neuromuscular imbalance.
• Psychological stress.

What are the treatment methods for TMJ dysfunction?

Treatment methods for TMJ dysfunction vary depending on the complexity of the problems. Thus, the following can be considered as options:

• Giving up chewing gum.
• Chewing food on both sides.
• Treating bruxism.
• Avoiding hard, sticky foods.
• Physiotherapy and kinetotherapy to relieve stress, relax muscles and correct posture.
• Orthodontic treatments to properly align teeth and eliminate malocclusion.
• Taking medication to relax muscles and relieve stress.
• Correcting or even changing incorrectly made prosthetic work
• Surgical interventions in severe cases.